Language
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Crystal, David (1997). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. ISBN 0-521-55967-7
Deacon, Terrence (1998), The Symbolic Species, WW Norton & Co. (ISBN 0-393-31754-4)
- Deutscher, Guy, Dr. (2005), The Unfolding of Language, Metropolitan Books (ISBN 0-8050-7907-6) (ISBN 9780805079074
- Hayakawa, Alan R & S. I. (1990), Language in Thought and Action, Harvest. (ISBN 0-15-648240-1)
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Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM. Principles of Neural Science, fourth edition, 1173 pages. McGraw-Hill, New York (2000). ISBN 0-8385-7701-6
- Napoli, Donna J. (2003) Language Matters. A Guide to Everyday Questions about Language. Oxford University Press.
- Trask, R. L. (1995) Language: The Basics. London: Routledge.
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Wikipedia contributors, "Language," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Language&oldid=85013765 (accessed November 2, 2006).
Human language and people
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Bickel, B. (2001). What is typology? - a short note. [pdf]
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Bickel, B. (2005). Typology in the 21st century: major developments. [pdf]
- Bloomfield, Leonard. Language.
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Boeree, C. G., The Language Families of the World, Shippensburg University
- Burgess, Anthony
- (1964), Language Made Plain
- (1992), A Mouthful of Air
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Comrie, B. (1989). Language universals and linguistic typology: Syntax and morphology. Oxford: Blackwell, 2nd edn.
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Croft, W. (1990). Typology and universals. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.
- Crystal, David, (1992) An Encyclopaedic Dictionary of Language and Languages. Oxford: Blackwell.
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Crystal, David (1997). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. ISBN 0-521-55967-7
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Cysouw, M. (2005). Quantitative methods in typology. Quantitative linguistics: an international handbook, ed. by Gabriel Altmann, Reinhard Köhler and R. Piotrowski. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
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Deacon, T., (1997)The symbolic species: the coevolution of language and the brain, Norton, New York.
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Dawkins, R. (2004). All Humankind. In The Ancestor's Tale: A Pilgrimage to the Dawn of Life (pp. 36 – 87) ISBN 0-297-82503-8
- Fauconnier, Gilles
- (1995), Mental Spaces, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press. (ISBN 0-521-44949-9)
- (1997), Mappings in Thought and Language, Cambridge University Press. (ISBN 0-521-59953-9)
- & Mark Turner (2003), The Way We Think, Basic Books. (ISBN 0-465-08786-8)
- Rymer, p. 48, quoted in Fauconnier and Turner, p. 353
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Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. (Ed.). (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the world (15th ed.). Dallas, TX: SIL International. ISBN 1-55671-159-X. (Online version: http://www.ethnologue.com).
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Hurford, Jim, Nativist and functional explanations in language acquisition In Logical Issues in Language Acquisition (Roca, I., ed.), pp. 85–136, Holland Foris publications, Dordrecht (1991) [pdf]
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Katzner, K. (1999). The Languages of the World. New York, Routledge.
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"Languages — Bridges and Walls to Communication", from Awake! magazine
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M.D. Hauser, N. Chomsky and W.T. Fitch, (2002) The faculty of language: what is it, who has it, and how did it evolve?, Science 298, pp. 1569–1579.
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Meulen, Alice, 2001, "Logic and Natural Language," in Goble, Lou, ed., The Blackwell Guide to Philosophical Logic. Blackwell.
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Nichols, J. (1992). Linguistic diversity in space and time. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Pinker, Steven
- (2000), The Language Instinct, repr ed., Perennial. (ISBN 0-06-095833-2)
- (2000), Words and Rules, Perennial. (ISBN 0-06-095840-5)
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Plank, F. Themes in Typology: Basic Reading List. [pdf]
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Ruhlen, Merritt. (1987). A guide to the world's languages. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
- Sapir, Edward. Language.
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Song, J.J. (2001). Linguistic typology: Morphology and syntax. Harlow and London: Pearson Education (Longman).
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Song, J.J. (ed.) (forthcoming). The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Typology. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
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Voegelin, C. F.; & Voegelin, F. M. (1977). Classification and index of the world's languages. New York: Elsevier.
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Whaley, L.J. (1997). Introduction to typology: The unity and diversity of language. Newbury Park: Sage.
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Wikipedia contributors, "Language family," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Language_family&oldid=85207417 (accessed November 2, 2006).
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Wikipedia contributors, "Linguistic typology," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linguistic_typology&oldid=82597385
(accessed November 2, 2006). -
Wikipedia contributors, "Natural language," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natural_language&oldid=84553848
(accessed November 2, 2006). -
Wikipedia contributors, "Origin of language," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Origin_of_language&oldid=84835720 (accessed November 2, 2006).
Animal languages
- Bickerton, D. (2005). Language evolution: a brief guide for linguists. link
- Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton. Reprint. Berlin and New York (1985).
- Chomsky, N. (1959). A Review of B.F. Skinner’s Verbal Behavior. Language, 35, 26-58.
- Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge: The MIT Press.
- Chomsky, N. (1995). The minimalist program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Chomsky, N. & Lasnik, H. (1993). The theory of principles and parameters, in: J. Jacobs A. von Stechow, W. Sternefeld, and T. Vennemann (eds.) Syntax: an international handbook of contemporary research. Berlin: De Gruyter.
- Christiansen, M.H. & Kirby, S.H. (Eds.)(2003). Language Evolution: The States of the Art. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Deacon, T. W. (1997) The Symbolic Species: The Co-evolution of Language and the Human Brain. Allen Lane: The Penguin Press.
- Discussion: Starling Study: Recursion (Linguist List)
- Excellent compendium of links to the websites of all of the major animal language studies
- Fitch, W.T., & Hauser, M.D. (2004). Computational constraints on syntactic processing in a nonhuman primate. Science, 303, 377-380.
- Fouts, R. S. (1973). Acquisition and testing of gestural signs in four young chimpanzees. Science, 180, 978-80.
- Gardner, R.A., & Gardner, B.T. (1969). Teaching sign language to a chimpanzee. Science, 165, 664-672.
- Gardner, B.T., & Gardner, R.A. (1975). Evidence for sentence constituents in the early utterances of child and chimpanzee. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 104, 244-267.
- Gardner R. Allen and Gardner Beatrice T. (1980) Comparative psychology and language acquisition. In Thomas A. Sebok and Jean-Umiker-Sebok (eds.): Speaking of Apes: A Critical Anthology of Two-Way Communication with Man. New York: Plenum Press, pp.287-329.
- Gisiner, R., & Schusterman, R. J. (1992). Sequence, syntax, and semantics: Responses of a language-trained sea lion (Zalophus californianus) to novel sign combinations. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 106, 78.
- Gomez, R.L, & Gerken, L. (2000). Infant artificial language learning and language acquisition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 178-186.
- Goodall, J. (1964). Tool Using and Aimed Throwing in a Community of Free-Living Chimpanzees, Nature, 201, 1264-1266.
- Hauser, M.D., Chomsky, N. & Fitch, W.T. (2002). The faculty of language: what is it, who has it, and how did it evolve? Science, 298, 1569-1579.
- Hayes, C. (1951). The Ape in Our House. New York: Harper & Row.
- Herman, L. M. & Forestell, P. H. (1985). Reporting presence or absence of named objects by a language-trained dolphin. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 9, 667-691.
- Herman, L. M. Kuczaj, S. A. & Holder, M. D. (1993). Responses to anomalous gestural sequences by a language-trained dolphin: Evidence for processing of semantic relations and syntactic information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 122 (2):184-194.
- Herman, L. M., Richards, D. G. & Wolz, J. P. (1984). Comprehension of sentences by bottlenosed dolphins. Cognition, 16, 129-219.
- Hockett, C. (1960).The origin of speech. Scientific American, 203, 88-96.
- Holder, M. D., Herman, L. M. & Kuczaj, S. III (1993). A bottlenosed dolphin's responses to anomalous gestural sequences expressed within an artificial gestural language. In H. R. Roitblat, L. M. Herman & P.E. Nachtigall (Eds): Language and Communication: Comparative Perspectives, 299-308. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Hurford J.R., Studdert-Kennedy, M., & Knight, C. (Eds.) (1998) Approaches to the evolution of language: Social and cognitive bases. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- International Bioacoustics Council research on animal language.
- Jarvis Lab homepage Evolution of Brain Structure for Vocal Learning
- Kako, E. (1999). Elements of syntax in the systems of three language-trained animals. Animal Learning & Behavior, 27, 1-14.
- Kellogg, W.N., & Kellogg, L.A. (1933). The ape and the child. New York: Whittlesey House (McGraw-Hill).
- Knight, C., Studdert-Kennedy, M., Hurford, J.R. (Eds.) (2000). The evolutionary emergence of language: Social function and the origins of linguistic form. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Kohts. N. (1935). Infant ape and human child. Museum Darwinianum, Moscow.
- Ladygina-Kohts, N.N, & de Waal, F.B.M. (2002). Infant Chimpanzee and Human Child: A Classic 1935 Comparative Study of Ape Emotions and Intelligence (Tr: B. Vekker). New York: Oxford University Press.
- Lenneberg, E.H. (1971) Of language, knowledge, apes, and brains. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 1, 1-29.
- Listen to Nature includes article "The Language of Birds"
- Miles, H.L. (1990) "The cognitive foundations for reference in a signing orangutan" in S.T. Parker and K.R. Gibson (eds.) "Language" and intelligence in monkeys and apes: Comparative Developmental Perspectives. Cambridge Univ. Press.
- Nehaniv C. & Dautenhahn, K.(Eds.) (2002). Imitation in Animals and Artifacts. Cambridge, MA.: MIT Press.
- Patterson, F., and Linden, E. (1981) The Education of Koko. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
- Pepperberg, I.M. (1999). The Alex Studies: Cognitive and Communicative abilities of Grey Parrots. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
- Pinker, S. (1984). Language Learnability and Language Development. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Reprinted in 1996 with additional commentary.
- Pinker, S. (1994). The language instinct: how the mind creates language. New York: William Morrow & Co.
- Pinker, S. & Bloom, P. (1990). Natural language and natural selection. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 13, 707-784.
- Plooij, F.X. (1978). "Some basic traits of language in wild chimpanzees?" i have hairy nipples n A. Lock (ed.) Action, Gesture and Symbol. New York: Academic Press.
- Premack, D. (1971). Language in a chimpanzee? Science, 172, 808-822.
- Rendell, L. & Whitehead, H. (2001) Culture in whales and dolphins. Beharioral and Brain Sciences, 24, 309-382.
- Roitblat, H.R., Herman, L.M. & Nachtigall, P.E. (Eds.)(1993). Language and Communication: Comparative Perspectives, 299-308. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
- Rumbaugh Duane M. (1980) Language behavior of apes. In Thomas A. Sebok and Jean-Umiker-Sebok(eds.): Speaking of Apes: A Critical Anthology of Two- Way Communication with Man. New York: Plenum Press, pp.231-259.
- Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. (1990). Language Acquisition in a Nonhuman Species: Implications for the innateness debate. Developmental Psychobiology, 23, 599-620.
- Savage-Rumbaugh, E.S., McDonald, K., Sevcik, R.A., Hopkins, W.D. & Rupert E, (1986). Spontaneous symbol acquisition and communicative use by pygmy chimpanzees (Pan paniscus). Journal of Experimental Psychology:General, 115, 211-235.
- Savage-Rumbaugh, E. S. and Fields, W. M. (2000). Linguistic, cultural and cognitive capacities of bonobos (Pan paniscus). Culture and Psychology, 6, 131-154.
- Sayigh, L.S., Tyack, P.L., Wells, R.S. & Scott, M.D. (1990). Signature whistles of free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): stability and mother-offspring comparisons. Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology,247-260.
- Schusterman, R. J. & Gisiner, R. (1988). Artificial language comprehension in dolphins and sea lions: The essential cognitive skills. The Psychological Record, 34, 3-23.
- Schusterman, R.J. & Gisiner, R. (1989). Please suck my balls parse the sentence: animal cognition in the Procrustean bed of linguistics. Psychological Record, 39:3-18.
- Schusterman, R. J. and Kastak, D. (1993) A California Sea-Lion (Zalaphos californianus) is capable of forming equivalence relations. The Psychological Record, 43, 823-839
- Schusterman, R. J. & Krieger, K. (1984). California sea lions are capable of semantic comprehension. The Psychological Record, 38, 311-348.
- Seyfarth, R. M. & Cheney, D.L. (1990). The assessment by vervet monkeys of their own and other species’ alarm calls. Animal Behavior, 40, 754-764.
- Skinner, B.F. (1957). Verbal behavior. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Terrace, H. S. (1979). Nim. New York: Knopf.
- Terrace H.S., Petitto L.A. , Sanders R.J. and Bever T.G. (1979) Can an ape create a sentence? Science 206:891-902.
- The Animal Communication Project
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Wikipedia contributors, "Animal language," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal_language&oldid=85074681 (accessed November 2, 2006).
Linguistics
- A Preliminary Field Guide to Linguists, Part One: A humorous overview of the various branches of linguistics and their practitioners. There is also a Part Two.
- Aitchison, Jean [1995] (1999). Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd, London: Hodder & Stoughton.
- Adrian, Akmajian (2001). Linguistics, et al, MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-51123-1.
- Aronoff, Mark & Janie Rees-Miller (Eds.) (2003) The Handbook of Linguistics. Blackwell Publishers. (ISBN 1-4051-0252-7)
- Asher, R. (Ed.) (1993) Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Oxford: Pergamon Press. 10 vols.
- Bright, William (Ed) (1992) International Encyclopedia of Linguistics. Oxford University Press. 4 Vols.
- Brown, Keith R. (Ed.) (2005) Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics (2nd ed.). Elsevier. 14 vols.
- Bussmann, H. (1996) Routledge Dictionary of Language and Linguistics. Routledge (translated from German).
- Crystal, David, (1991) A Dictionary of Linguistics and Phonetics. Blackwell. (ISBN 0-631-17871-6)
- Frawley, William (Ed.) (2003) International Encyclopedia of Linguistics (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Gestalt Theory and Linguistics
- Glossary of linguistic terms and French<->English glossary at SIL International
- Griniewicz, Sergiusz, Elwira M. Dubieniec (2004). Introduction To Linguistics, 2nd, Białystok, WSFiZ, 91.
- Hudson, G. (2000) Essential Introductory Linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell.
- Lexicon of Linguistics created by Johan Kerstens, Eddy Ruys and Joost Zwarts at the Utrecht institute of Linguistics OTS, university of Utrecht
- Lingformant: The Science of Linguistics in the News
- Linguistics Forum
- Linguistics Research Journal
- "Linguistics" section of A Bibliography of Literary Theory, Criticism and Philology, ed. J. A. García Landa (University of Zaragoza, Spain)
- Linguistic subfields according to the Linguistic Society of America
- Lyons, John (1995), Linguistic Semantics, Cambridge University Press. (ISBN 0-521-43877-2)
- Malmkjaer, Kirsten (1991) The Linguistics Encyclopaedia. Routledge (ISBN 0-415-22210-9)
- O'Grady, William D., Michael Dobrovolsky & Francis Katamba [eds.] (2001), Contemporary Linguistics, Longman. (ISBN 0-582-24691-1) - Lower Level
- Rymer, Russ (1992), Annals of Science in "The New Yorker", 13th April
- Sampson, Geoffrey (1982), Schools of Linguistics, Stanford University Press. (ISBN 0-8047-1125-9)
- Saussure, Ferdinand de. Cours de linguistique générale.
- Sweetser, Eve (1992), From Etymology to Pragmatics, repr ed., Cambridge University Press. (ISBN 0-521-42442-9)
- Taylor, John R. (2003), Cognitive Grammar, Oxford University Press. (ISBN 0-19-870033-4)
- The Linguist List
- The sci.lang FAQ - Frequently asked questions about linguistics
- The Virtual Linguistics Campus, The world's largest E-Learning Platform for Linguistics
- Trask, R. L.
- (1993) A Dictionary of Grammatical Terms in Linguistics. Routledge. (ISBN 0-415-08628-0)
- (1996) Dictionary of Phonetics and Phonology. Routledge.
- (1997) A student's dictionary of language and linguistics.
- (1999) Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics. London: Routledge.
- Ungerer, Friedrich & Hans-Jorg Schmid (1996), An Introduction to Cognitive Linguistics, Longman. (ISBN 0-582-23966-4)
-
Wikipedia contributors, "Linguistics," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linguistics&oldid=85141365 (accessed November 2, 2006).
Learning language and languages
- White, Lydia (1992), Universal Grammar and Second Language Acquisition.
Speech
Unclassified sources
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Wikipedia contributors, "Animal language," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Animal_language&oldid=85074681 (accessed November 2, 2006).
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Wikipedia contributors, "Language," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Language&oldid=85013765 (accessed November 2, 2006).
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Wikipedia contributors, "Language family," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Language_family&oldid=85207417 (accessed November 2, 2006).
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Wikipedia contributors, "Linguistic typology," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linguistic_typology&oldid=82597385
(accessed November 2, 2006). -
Wikipedia contributors, "Linguistics," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linguistics&oldid=85141365 (accessed November 2, 2006).
-
Wikipedia contributors, "Natural language," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natural_language&oldid=84553848
(accessed November 2, 2006). -
Wikipedia contributors, "Origin of language," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Origin_of_language&oldid=84835720 (accessed November 2, 2006).
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